Every law practice has value, including yours. That value is real – as in dollars and cents real – and marketable. And it may be significantly higher than you think.
VALUING YOUR PRACTICE
There are different methods to value a practice. For you, the “right” method will depend on the purpose of the valuation and your unique needs. Here are the basic methods:
1: RULE OF THUMB METHOD
This is actually not one set method but a variety of methods that look at past cash flows in order to estimate future value. The underlying premise is that what has happened in the past should (hopefully) continue in the future.
Typically, the cash flow numbers that are examined are either Revenues or Net Income, with the latter being used in most professional and market valuations.
Revenues
Law practices will typically sell for a multiple of anywhere from .5 to 1.5 of average annual revenues. Therefore, a practice with average annual revenues of $500,000 may sell for anywhere from $250,000 to $750,000. That’s not a bad number – especially if you didn’t previously think your practice had any marketable value at all.
The major drawback of this approach is that it doesn’t consider how well the firm is run, or how much profit/net cash flow it leaves the owner.
Multiple of Net Income
Law practices will typically sell for a multiple of between two to three times net earnings. Using our example from above, if that same firm has net income of $200,000, then the value may be anywhere between $400,000 to $600,000.
The major drawback with this approach is it leaves out core adjustments and considerations unique to the practice that can have a big impact on what a buyer would actually pay for it.
2: MARKET COMPARISON
When it comes to buying and selling law practices, the publicly available information is limited, to say the least. There is no general database of closed transactions. Most negotiations and sales prices are confidential. But there are experts out there who have insider knowledge of the marketplace and actual sales outcomes.
These experts – CPAs, law practice brokers, lawyers, lenders and others who know the law firm transfer market – are invaluable resources. Their specialized skillset comes from having handled law firm transfers over the years.
You’re familiar with real estate market analyses and comparisons. The law firm market approach works the same way. It compares your law practice characteristics (financials, practice area, geographic area, etc.) to other law practice sales that have recently closed to reach an opinion as to value. What one sold for down the street yesterday should be approximately what yours would sell for today, provided they are similar enough in core features and financials.
3: KEY VALUE DRIVERS
Every law practice is unique. The individual characteristics of your practice need to be considered as part of your valuation. Some of these factors will increase the value. Others will lower it. The above methods will help place your practice on a valuation spectrum. To pinpoint with greater specificity where your practice is located on that spectrum, you should factor in your firm’s unique characteristics.
Here are some of the primary characteristics that may cause a significant swing in value either way:
- Financial performance
- Growth potential
- Brand identity
- Size of practice
- Repetitive client revenues
- Fee structures
- Practice structure
- Owner involvement
- Client satisfaction
- Practice area
- Client diversity
- Geographic location
- Quality of employees/staff
4: ADJUSTMENTS
Whatever valuation method is used, you’ll likely have to make some additional adjustments after factoring in the key drivers listed above. These adjustments will either increase or decrease your firm’s value.
Here are some of the typical adjustments law practice brokers and valuation experts use to arrive at a market price:
- Owner salaries and bonuses
- One-time professional fees
- Non-arms-length revenues or expenses
- Repairs and maintenance
THE ‘IT DEPENDS’ DISCLAIMER
Variables are always subject to change, which means the end result can also change. Some of these variables are unique to you and your practice, while others are external. The good news is your practice has value which should be considered as you begin to contemplate succession planning and retirement.
